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Jewish folklore
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Jewish folklore are legends, music, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, fairy tales, stories, tall tales, and customs that are the traditions of Judaism. Folktales are characterized by the presence of unusual personages (dwarfs, giants, fairies, ghosts, etc.), by the sudden transformation of men into beasts and vice versa, or by other unnatural incidents (flying horses, a hundred years' sleep, and the like). A number of haggadic stories bear folktale characteristics, especially those relating to Og, King of Bashan, which have the same exaggerations as have the ''lügenmärchen'' of modern German folktales.〔G. Dennis, "Og," ''The Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic, and Mysticism''〕 There are signs that a certain number of fables were adopted by the Rabbis either from Greek or, indirectly, from Persian and Indian sources.
==Middle Ages==
There is considerable evidence of Jewish people helping the spread of Eastern folktales in Europe.〔Joseph Jacobs, "Folk-Tales", ''Jewish Encyclopedia''〕 Besides these tales from foreign sources, Jews either collected or composed others which were told throughout the European ghettos, and were collected in Yiddish in the "Maasebücher".〔 Numbers of the folktales contained in these collections were also published separately.〔See the earlier ones given by Moritz Steinschneider in ''Hebrew Books in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (Catalogus Librorum Hebræorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana)'', Berlin, 1852-60)'', Nos. 3869-3942〕 It is, however, difficult to call many of them folktales in the sense given above, since nothing fairy-like or supernormal occurs in them.〔
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